HISTORY OF PUBLIC HEALTH ENTOMOLOGY AT THE CONNECTICUT AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION

 

John F. Anderson

 

Department of Entomology and Center for Vector Biology and Zoonotic Diseases

The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station

123 Huntington St.

New Haven, CT06511

 

John.Anderson@ct.gov

ABSTRACT

Scientists at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station have responded to the public health needs of citizens for over a century.  Malaria and yellow fever during the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries in Connecticut are also reviewed.

The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station began studying the ecology of mosquitoes and developing methods of control in the early 1900s at a time when malaria caused human disease and death and hordes of salt marsh mosquitoes made life miserable in many shoreline communities along Long Island Sound.  This was also a time when epic discoveries made elsewhere documented the importance of mosquitoes in transmitting the pathogens that cause malaria and yellow fever.  Shortly thereafter the control of mosquitoes was demonstrated by William Gorgas to reduce these diseases in Cuba.

I describe the successful efforts in the early part of the 20th century to control salt marsh mosquitoes through ditching of Connecticut salt marshes and to reduce malaria through elimination of fresh water breeding areas of Anopheles mosquitoes.  Later efforts focused on identifying natural enemies of mosquitoes and their use in integrated pest management programs.  Previously unknown mosquito-associated viruses were later identified and studied, including West Nile virus, and surveillance programs for the most important viruses were established to help reduce risk of human disease.

Studies on the ecology and control of ticks were initiated when Rocky Mountain spotted fever, Lyme disease, babesiosis, and anaplasmosis became health problems in the later part of the 1900s.  These studies and various services to the public, such as development of serology tests and tick identification and testing ticks for the presence of the spirochete that causes Lyme disease, were done to reduce risk of citizen exposure to disease and to confirm specific infections.   Studies of the biology and control of bed bugs, house flies, deer flies, and horse flies were also undertaken.

The published manuscript upon which this presentation is based is entitled “The History of Public Health Entomology at the Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station 1904-2009” and may be obtained without charge by going to www.ct.gov/CAES and clicking on “The history of public health at CAES 1904-2009”.